CSS Float

CSS Layout - float and clear

The CSS float property specifies how an element should float.

The CSS clear property specifies what elements can float beside the cleared element and on which side.

The float Property

The float property is used for positioning and layout on web pages.
The float property can have one of the following values:

left - The element floats to the left of its container
right- The element floats to the right of its container
none - The element does not float (will be displayed just where it occurs in the text). This is default
inherit - The element inherits the float value of its parent

In its simplest use, the float property can be used to wrap text around images.

Example - float: right;

The following example specifies that an image should float to the right in a text:

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Phasellus imperdiet, nulla et dictum interdum, nisi lorem egestas odio, vitae scelerisque enim ligula venenatis dolor. Maecenas nisl est, ultrices nec congue eget, auctor vitae massa. Fusce luctus vestibulum augue ut aliquet. Mauris ante ligula, facilisis sed ornare eu, lobortis in odio. Praesent convallis urna a lacus interdum ut hendrerit risus congue. Nunc sagittis dictum nisi, sed ullamcorper ipsum dignissim ac...

Example

img {
float: right;}

Example - float: left;

The following example specifies that an image should float to the left in a text:

Example

img {
float: left;}

Example - No float

In the following example the image will be displayed just where it occurs in the text (float: none;):

Example

img {
float: none;}

The clear Property

The clear property lets specifies what elements can float beside the cleared element and on which side.
The clear property can have one of the following values:

none - Allows floating elements on both sides. This is default
left - No floating elements allowed on the left side
right- No floating elements allowed on the right side
both - No floating elements allowed on either the left or the right side
inherit - The element inherits the clear value of its parent

The most common way to use the clear property is after you have used a float property on an element.
When clearing floats, you should match the clear to the float. If an element is floated to the left, then you should clear to the left. Your floated element will continue to float, but the cleared element will appear below it on the web page.
The following example clears the float to the left. Means that no floating elements are allowed on the left side (of the div):

Example

div {
clear: left;}

The clearfix Hack

If an element is taller than the element containing it, and it is floated, it will overflow outside of its container.

Without Clearfix

With Clearfix

Then we can add overflow: auto; to the containing element to fix this problem:

Example

.clearfix {
overflow: auto;}

The overflow:auto clearfix works well as long as you are able to keep control of your margins and padding (else you might see scrollbars). The new, modern clearfix hack however, is safer to use, and the following code is used for most webpages:

Example

.clearfix::after {
    content: "";
    clear: both;
    display: table;}

You will learn more about the ::after pseudo-element in a later chapter.

Web Layout Example

It is common to do entire web layouts using the float property:

Example

.header, .footer {
    background-color: grey;
    color: white;
    padding: 15px;}

.column {
    float: left;
    padding: 15px;}

.clearfix::after {
    content: "";
    clear: both;
    display: table;
}

.menu {
    width: 25%;}

.content {
    width: 75%;}

All CSS Float Properties

Property	Description
clear	Specifies what elements can float beside the cleared element and on which side
float	Specifies how an element should float
overflow	Specifies what happens if content overflows an element's box
overflow-x	Specifies what to do with the left/right edges of the content if it overflows the element's content area
overflow-y	Specifies what to do with the top/bottom edges of the content if it overflows the element's content area

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